GENESIS, MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND MORPHOGENETIC FEATURES OF IRRIGATED MEADOW ALLUVIAL SOILS IN THE AMU DARYA DELTA

Abstract

The article analyzes the genesis, morphological characteristics, and morphogenetic features of irrigated meadow alluvial soils formed in the ancient Amu Darya delta. The study identified clearly differentiated genetic horizons including humus, transitional, illuvial, and parent material layers. The upper horizon is enriched with organic matter and plant roots, whereas the lower horizons are characterized by increased moisture, carbonate and iron accumulations, and groundwater influence. Furthermore, the results show that alluvial, hydromorphic, biological, and anthropogenic processes play a major role in soil formation and profile differentiation. The research confirms the high agricultural potential of these soils and emphasizes the importance of scientifically based irrigation and soil management practices for maintaining fertility and ecological stability.