CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF CORTISOL IN ADOLESCENTS AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by profound endocrine, metabolic, and psychosocial changes. During this stage, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis undergoes significant maturation, making adolescents particularly susceptible to stress-related hormonal alterations. Cortisol, the principal glucocorticoid hormone, exhibits a distinct circadian rhythm under physiological conditions, with peak concentrations occurring shortly after awakening and gradually declining throughout the day. This daily rhythm is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, cardiovascular regulation, immune function, cognitive performance, and emotional well-being.