WRITING ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: ANALYTIC AND HOLISTIC APPROACHES AND THE RUBRIC SYSTEM

Аннотация

Assessment of written work plays a key role in evaluating learners’ communicative competence and academic development. It enables educators to measure not only language accuracy but also the ability to organize ideas, express arguments, and use appropriate linguistic structures. This article examines major approaches to writing assessment, focusing on analytic and holistic methods and the rubric-based evaluation system. Analytic assessment evaluates specific aspects of writing such as grammar, vocabulary, organization, and coherence, providing detailed feedback. Holistic assessment, in contrast, considers the overall effectiveness of the text, offering a general performance score. Rubrics serve as structured tools that define clear criteria and performance levels, increasing objectivity and transparency in evaluation. By integrating analytic and holistic approaches through rubrics, teachers can assess writing more effectively while giving meaningful feedback that supports students’ skill development and encourages improvement.