A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESL AND EFL CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENTS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Abstract

The global spread of English has led to two major instructional contexts: English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Although both aim to develop learners’ communicative competence, differences in exposure, cultural immersion, and instructional conditions influence learning results. This article compares ESL and EFL classroom environments, focusing on exposure to English, teaching practices, cultural context, learner motivation, and outcomes