THE IMPACT OF BLOOD MANAGEMENT IN PREGNANT WOMEN AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES

Abstract

Pregnancy is a physiological process accompanied by significant changes in hormonal balance, metabolism, and the hematopoietic system. During this period, the female body experiences an increased load, which is often associated with disturbances in dental health. One of the key complications of pregnancy is iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), which, according to the World Health Organization, is diagnosed in 21–80% of women during gestation. IDA has a negative impact on all organs and systems of the body, including the tissues of the oral cavity. Under conditions of iron deficiency, protein and mineral metabolism are disrupted, leading to enamel demineralization, reduced resistance to pathogenic microflora, and the development of dental caries. Timely blood management during pregnancy is considered one of the most important factors in the prevention of dental diseases.