INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND PRECIPITATION ON GROUNDWATER FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of climatic factors and precipitation on groundwater formation in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Hydrometeorological observation data from the Nukus meteorological station were used in the research. The effects of air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and evaporation processes on the groundwater regime were examined. The analysis indicates that low precipitation and high air temperatures during the summer period significantly limit the natural recharge of groundwater in the region. For example, in June 2022 the average air temperature reached 29°C, while the maximum temperature was 43.4°C, and the total precipitation was only about 2.4 mm. These climatic conditions intensify evaporation and reduce soil moisture, which negatively affects groundwater recharge. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for the rational use and protection of groundwater resources in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.