“EARLY PRINCIPLES OF FACADE FORMATION IN CENTRAL ASIAN ARCHITECTURE: FROM PROTO-URBAN MONUMENTS TO THE EARLY MEDIEVAL PERIOD”

Abstract

This research demonstrates that the foundations of facade formation in Central Asian architecture were established during antiquity and the early Middle Ages (4th century BCE – 10th century CE) and represent a stable, internally coherent system of architectural principles rather than a fragmented or incidental phenomenon [1; 2; 3]. Long before the emergence of explicitly articulated medieval Islamic facades, early architectural cultures of Central Asia developed consistent approaches to monumentality, frontality, rhythmic articulation, and hierarchical composition through mass, proportion, and spatial organization [5; 7].