CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES AND METHODS TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY

Abstract

This article examines the fundamental chemical processes in lithium-ion batteries, focusing on ion transport, electrode reactions, electrolyte decomposition, and solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. The study highlights how these processes influence battery performance parameters such as energy density, cycle life, thermal stability, and charging speed. Special attention is given to degradation mechanisms, including electrode material fatigue, electrolyte oxidation, and lithium plating during fast charging. The article further analyzes modern methods to improve the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries, including the development of high-nickel cathode materials, silicon–carbon composite anodes, solid-state electrolytes, advanced SEI engineering, nanoscale electrode design, and smart battery management systems (BMS). By integrating insights from electrochemistry and materials science, the work provides a comprehensive overview of current technological advancements aimed at improving battery durability, safety, and performance.