International Conference on Social Sciences & Humanities
International Conference on Social Sciences & Humanities (ICSH) is hosted annually online from Toronto, Canada. The conference covers Education, Psychology, Sociology, and Philosophy. Indexed in Google Scholar, Zenodo, OpenAIRE, Open Access. Articles are accepted in English and French.
By submitting a paper to the conference organized by Academic Publishing House, the author(s) agree to the following license terms and conditions: 1. Copyright and Licensing The author(s) retain the copyright of their article. The author(s) grant Academic Publishing House a non-exclusive license to publish, distribute, and archive the submitted material in both electronic and print formats. The work will be published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, allowing others to share and adapt the material for any purpose, provided proper credit is given to the original author(s). 2. Author’s Responsibilities The author(s) guarantee that the submitted work is original, does not infringe any existing copyrights, and has not been published or submitted elsewhere. The author(s) confirm that all co-authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and agree with its submission and publication. The author(s) are fully responsible for the accuracy of the data, citations, and references provided in the article. 3. Publisher’s Rights Academic Publishing House reserves the right to edit, format, and make minor grammatical or layout corrections to the paper without altering its core content. The publisher has the right to include the article in indexing databases, archives, and repositories such as Google Scholar, Zenodo, OpenAIRE, and other partner platforms. The publisher may promote the paper through its website and official social media channels. 4. Open Access Policy All conference papers are published as open access, ensuring free and permanent online access to the full text of all articles immediately upon publication. 5. Withdrawal and Retraction If ethical misconduct, plagiarism, or data manipulation is detected, Academic Publishing House reserves the right to withdraw or retract the publication at any stage. 6. Acceptance of Terms Submission of a manuscript to the conference implies that the author(s) have read, understood, and accepted these License Terms.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE ENDOMETRIUM IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS AND THYROID HYPOFUNCTION
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains one of the major challenges in modern reproductive medicine
(c) Copyright 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
QUICK DECISION-MAKING IN EXTREME COMBAT SITUATIONS
Quick decision-making in extreme combat situations is a critical determinant of operational success, survival, and mission effectiveness in modern warfare. Contemporary military environments are characterized by uncertainty, time pressure, information overload, and life-threatening risks, requiring personnel to make accurate decisions within seconds. This article examines the cognitive, psychological, physiological, and organizational factors that influence rapid decision-making under combat stress. The results indicate that decision performance in combat is shaped by the interaction of experience, cognitive processing efficiency, emotional regulation, and command structure. The article concludes that improving decision-making in extreme combat conditions requires integrated training systems, realistic simulation environments, and structured stress exposure programs that enhance both speed and accuracy of responses.
SUBCLONING OF THE STREPTOKINASE GENE FROM STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES INTO pCold I AND pCold TF PLASMIDS
Currently, the demand for thrombolytic drugs is continuously increasing. Pharmaceutical preparations based on the recombinant form of streptokinase are distinguished by their cost-effectiveness compared to other thrombolytic agents (Diwan et al., 2021). The nucleotide sequence of the streptokinase (Ska) gene, isolated from the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, is registered in the international GenBank database under the accession number PX644861.1. Initially, this gene was cloned into the pET-28a(+) plasmid (Vokhidov et al., 2025), and its expression characteristics were studied in E. coli host cells. This study presents the results of subcloning the Ska gene into pCold TF and pCold I vectors to enhance the solubility and yield of the recombinant protein in subsequent expression stages (Bhatwa et al., 2021; Qing et al., 2004)..
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR MANAGING THE QUALITY OF UTILITY SERVICES IN MULTI-APARTMENT BUILDINGS
This paper examines the evaluation of organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the quality of communal services in multi-apartment buildings. The study analyses the existing service quality management mechanisms, including tariff-subsidy schemes, billing systems, cluster management, public-private partnerships, homeowners’ participation, and supervisory mechanisms. A multi-criteria evaluation approach based on economic, organizational, financial, social, and digital indicators was applied to assess the effectiveness of service quality management. The evaluation process relied on expert survey results and statistical data. The findings made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing mechanisms. In addition, an improved methodological approach aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of communal service quality management was developed.
GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
This article discusses the emergence of green chemistry, its fundamental principles, and its importance in addressing environmental problems. Information is provided on environmental issues caused by the chemical industry and human activities, including air, water, and soil pollution. In addition, the article extensively analyzes the role of green chemistry technologies in reducing waste, saving energy, producing biodegradable materials, and ensuring environmental safety.
QUANTUM-CHEMICAL STUDY OF A NOVEL BIS-THIOUREA DERIVATIVE
The present work focuses on the quantum-chemical characterization of a newly synthesized N2,N3-hexamethylene-bis-[(p-nitroaniline) N2,N3-(phenylthiourea)-urea] derivative. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level to investigate its molecular geometry, electronic properties, charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential, and frontier molecular orbitals. The optimized structure demonstrated high thermodynamic stability. Mulliken population analysis revealed significant charge accumulation around heteroatoms, particularly oxygen and sulfur atoms. Electrostatic potential mapping identified the most probable reactive regions responsible for intermolecular interactions. Frontier orbital analysis showed effective electron-donating and electron-accepting capabilities, suggesting favorable adsorption behavior and potential application of the compound as a corrosion inhibitor.
INFLUENCE OF WATER MULTITY LEVEL ON PUMPING STATIONS AND ITS STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
This article examines the turbidity level of water used in pumping stations and its impact on the operational efficiency of pumping units. The impact of silt particles on mechanical wear, energy consumption, equipment service life, and hydraulic losses is analyzed based on statistical data.
NEUROLINGUISTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCES: ITS ROLE AND SCIENTIFIC STANDING
This paper considers where neurolinguistics belongs among the linguistic disciplines, addressing the way the field took shape, the object and subject it sets out to study, and the contribution it makes to present-day linguistic scholarship. Particular attention is given to the points at which neurolinguistics intersects with psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, the neurosciences, and pedagogy. By examining the mechanisms through which language is tied to the workings of the brain, the discussion offers a scientific basis for defining this field's standing within linguistics.
THE POLISHING OF THE TUYUK IN THE WORK OF ZAKHIRIDDIN MUKHAMMAD BABUR
This article analyzes Babur’s theoretical views on the genre of tuyuk, as well as the creative output of this genre. Navoi’s tuyuks are compared with Babur’s tuyuks, highlighting their similarities. It also reveals the place of Babur’s tuyuks in classical literature in terms of conciseness, depth of content, sincerity, and artistic perfection.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEXICAL APPROACH ON STUDENTS WITH VARYING WORKING MEMORY CAPACITIES
For many decades, vocabulary learning was viewed as a secondary task in second language acquisition, often limited to memorizing isolated word lists. However, modern linguistics emphasizes that fluent communication depends heavily on the mastery of multi-word combinations, collocations, and lexical chunks. This article explores the Lexical Approach, a pedagogical methodology that prioritizes the teaching of prefabricated language units rather than isolated grammatical structures. Because language classrooms are cognitively diverse, individual differences in Working Memory Capacity (WMC) profoundly affect how students process, store, and retrieve these lexical phrases. This 5–8 page article examines the structural mechanics of the Lexical Approach, analyzes the cognitive baseline of working memory in language learning, and contrasts its effectiveness on students with high versus low working memory capacities. Furthermore, the paper provides practical classroom solutions, including scaffolded repetition, visual chunking, and dual-coding techniques, to help educators create a balanced learning environment that supports all cognitive profiles at Pre-Intermediate and Intermediate levels.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MORAL EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE TODAY
Three thousand years ago, in the “Avesto”, the Bible of Zoroastrianism, with a great emphasis on educational issues, schools were established under its otakada-temples, and a children's educational system was developed and implemented by the priests. This educational system was implemented in the following order: religious and moral education, physical education, and teaching reading and writing. Socrates (e.a. According to 469—699), the goal of education should not only be the study of the nature of objects, but also the goal of a person's education should be the cultivation of morality.
THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENTS AND INNOVATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN
This article examines the strategic role of investments and innovations as primary catalysts for sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan. Within the framework of the nation's ongoing structural transformations and digitalization strategies, the synergy between foreign direct investments (FDI), domestic capital formation, and innovative technological implementations is analyzed. Utilizing empirical data, mathematical modeling, and comparative macroeconomic analysis, the paper evaluates how targeted funding in high-tech sectors, infrastructure, and human capital influences gross domestic product (GDP) expansion and total factor productivity. The findings demonstrate that while traditional capital accumulation remains foundational, the transition toward a knowledge-based economy driven by technological innovations is critical for long-term economic resilience and global competitiveness. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at optimizing the investment climate and strengthening the national innovation ecosystem.
MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING IDEOLOGICAL STABILITY IN THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF YOUTH
The article analyzes the mechanisms for forming ideological stability in the consciousness of young people on the basis of psychological-pedagogical and socio-communicative approaches. It examines the specific features of youth, the phenomenon of the “digital generation,” and the importance of media literacy, education, and state youth policy. The article also highlights the role of Uzbekistan’s practical experience, including the “Youth Register” and the “Five Initiatives,” in ensuring ideological stability among young people.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIAL STRENGTH EXERCISES IN DEVELOPING NUCLEAR THROWING TECHNOLOGY IN 17-18 YEAR-OLD PARA-LIGHT ATHLETICS
This thesis examines the effectiveness of special strength exercises in improving shot put technique among 17-18-year-old para-athletes. During the study, the athletes' physical fitness, strength qualities, and the level of technical movement execution were analyzed. The influence of the training program developed on the basis of special strength exercises on the results of the shot put was determined. The research results showed that purposefully and systematically applied special exercises serve to increase the explosive power, coordination, and technical execution accuracy of athletes. It was also substantiated that this methodology is an effective tool for improving the athletic performance of para-athletes and optimizing the training process.
FORMATION AND NORMATIZATION OF ECOLOGICAL NEOLOGISMS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ANALYSIS
This article explores the formation of ecological neologisms in the Uzbek language, their linguistic features, and mechanisms of standardization. It analyzes the factors behind the emergence of new lexical units, their semantic and functional properties, and their role in the language system from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
pilgrimage tourism, extreme tourism, tour operators, tourist, tourism
This article discusses the basics and prospects for the development of pilgrimage tourism and extreme tourism.
A MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE CREATIVE COMPETENCES OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION BASED ON QUEST TECHNOLOGIES
This article analyzes the mechanisms for improving the creative competencies of future teachers in the context of digitalization based on quest technologies. The widespread introduction of digital technologies in the modern education system places new demands on the professional activities of teachers. Therefore, the development of creative thinking, innovative approaches and independent work skills of future teachers is considered an urgent issue. Also, methodological aspects of the development of creative competencies in the context of a digital educational environment are analyzed.
DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM OF FUTURE TEACHERS’ CREATIVE COMPETENCE BASED ON QUEST AND FORESIGHT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
This article analyzes the pedagogical potential of quest and foresight technologies in developing the creative competence of future teachers in the context of digitalization. It substantiates the necessity of applying innovative approaches based on the integration of digital technologies in the modern education system and highlights the mechanisms for implementing these technologies in the educational process.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE VALUE SYSTEM OF STUDENTS IN THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
This thesis analyzes the impact of the digital educational environment on the value system of student youth and the transformational changes in this process. The rapid introduction of modern information technologies into the educational process changes not only the forms of learning but also the spiritual and moral outlook of students, including fundamental values such as responsibility, academic integrity, and communication culture. The thesis highlights the dialectical link between the preservation of traditional values and the formation of digital culture and proposes scientific and practical recommendations for developing a positive value system in the digital environment.
FORMATION STAGES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN KARAKALPAK JOURNALISM
This article analyzes the formation and development of artificial intelligence technologies in the journalism system of Karakalpakstan. The study examines the transition from traditional journalism to digital and algorithm-based media practices, as well as the role of AI in accelerating information production, multimedia content creation, audience analytics, and multilingual communication. Furthermore, the article discusses the ethical and professional challenges related to misinformation, algorithmic influence, and digital transformation. The research concludes that artificial intelligence has become an important factor in the modernization and future development of regional journalism.
EPISTEMIC THINKING AND INFORMATION RELIABILITY IN THE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT ISSUE
This thesis analyzes the reliability of information disseminated via the internet in the modern digital environment and the role of epistemic thinking in its evaluation. As a result of the increasing speed and volume of information flow on the Internet, the problem of the widespread dissemination of false or incorrect information is emerging. This work highlights the concept of epistemic thinking, its significance in the critical evaluation of information, and its role in enhancing an individual's media literacy. It also examines the key approaches necessary to ensure information reliability.
SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF SOMATISM IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK PROVERBS
This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic features of somatism lexical units denoting parts of the human body in English and Uzbek proverbs from a comparative linguacultural perspective. Proverbs, as condensed carriers of collective experience and cultural values, frequently employ somatic imagery to encode abstract meanings, moral judgments, and social norms. The study aims to identify the dominant semantic fields and pragmatic functions of somatism in both languages, as well as to reveal cross-linguistic similarities and culturally specific patterns. The research adopts a qualitative and comparative methodology, drawing on a corpus of English and Uzbek proverbs containing somatic components such as “head,” “hand,” “heart,” “eye,” and their Uzbek equivalents (“bosh,” “qo‘l,” “yurak,” “ko‘z”). Semantically, somatisms are analyzed in terms of metaphorical extension, polysemy, and symbolic representation. Particular attention is paid to conceptual mappings that link physical body parts with abstract domains such as intellect, emotion, morality, and social relations. Pragmatically, the study examines how somatic expressions function in discourse to perform evaluative, didactic, expressive, and persuasive roles. The findings demonstrate that while both English and Uzbek proverbs exhibit universal cognitive tendencies grounded in embodied experience, they also reflect distinct cultural models and value systems. For instance, certain somatisms show parallel metaphorical meanings across languages, whereas others reveal culturally bound interpretations shaped by historical, social, and ethical contexts. The thesis contributes to the fields of paremiology, cognitive linguistics, and cross-cultural semantics by providing a systematic account of how somatic elements operate at the intersection of language, cognition, and culture.
METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Cross-cultural comparative studies have become increasingly important in contemporary social sciences, education, psychology, linguistics, and intercultural communication research. These studies aim to analyze similarities and differences among cultures, societies, and educational systems in order to develop broader scientific understanding and international cooperation. However, researchers frequently encounter methodological difficulties that may affect the validity, reliability, and objectivity of research findings. This thesis examines the major methodological challenges in cross-cultural comparative studies, including cultural bias, language equivalence, sampling issues, contextual variability, and ethical concerns. The study is based on theoretical analysis of international research literature and comparative methodological approaches. The findings indicate that differences in cultural norms, social values, communication styles, and research instruments often complicate data collection and interpretation. In addition, translation inaccuracies and ethnocentric perspectives may reduce the reliability of comparative results. The paper argues that successful cross-cultural research requires culturally sensitive methodologies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and adaptation of research instruments to local contexts. The study concludes that overcoming methodological barriers is essential for producing accurate and globally relevant scientific knowledge..
THE CONCEPTUAL AND SPATIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MULTI-FIGURE COMPOSITION IN ARCHITECTURE
This study examines the theoretical, aesthetic, and semantic characteristics of multi-figure composition within the integration of architecture and monumental art. The interrelation between compositional structure, spatial organization, and mechanisms of visual perception is analyzed. Alongside historical evolution, the transformation of multi-figure compositions in contemporary architectural practice is also considered. The findings indicate that multi-figure composition serves as a significant tool for enhancing the semantic density of architectural environments and strengthening visual communication..
ISSUES OF ENSURING GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION SYSTEM REFORMS
This article provides a historical analysis of the processes of ensuring gender equality within the framework of educational system reforms in Uzbekistan during 1991–2021. The study examines state policy, regulatory legal acts, and practical changes from the early years of independence to the modern stage.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH FOOD COMPONENTS: SEMANTIC, COGNITIVE, AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of phraseological units containing food components in English and Karakalpak languages from cognitive, semantic, and linguocultural perspectives. The study focuses on metaphorization as a key mechanism in the formation of idioms and examines how food-related expressions encode cultural values and conceptual models. The research demonstrates that while both languages share universal cognitive patterns in metaphor formation, they differ significantly in their cultural interpretations and evaluative orientations. English idioms tend to emphasize individual traits and psychological states, often with negative connotations, whereas Karakalpak expressions reflect social harmony, ethical norms, and positive communicative behavior. The findings confirm that phraseological units function as linguistic representations of cultural identity and collective cognition, serving as a bridge between language, thought, and culture.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SUFI TEACHINGS IN ENHANCING THE SPIRITUALITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF SOCIETY
This article philosophically analyzes the role of Sufi teachings in elevating society's spirituality and enlightenment. The significance of Sufism in the upbringing of youth, social stability, and the improvement of the spiritual environment is revealed through the ideas of moral purification, spiritual perfection, humanism, and tolerance. The educational possibilities of the Sufi heritage in the development of modern society are also highlighted, the theoretical and practical significance of strengthening religious tolerance, personal responsibility, inner freedom, and spiritual immunity is highlighted, and generalized conclusions based on historical sources and the views of thinkers are presented..
“IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN”
This study examines the impact of environmental and climatic factors on the physiological development of children living in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The region has been significantly affected by the ecological crisis caused by the desiccation of the Aral Sea, resulting in severe environmental degradation. These conditions have influenced children’s health, growth, and functional development. The research focuses on key physiological indicators such as height, body weight, cardiovascular function, respiratory capacity, and blood composition. A comparative analysis with children from environmentally stable regions highlights significant differences in physical and functional development. The findings suggest that adverse environmental conditions, including air pollution, poor water quality, and nutritional deficiencies, contribute to delayed growth, higher prevalence of anemia, and weakened immune responses. The study emphasizes the importance of improving environmental conditions, healthcare access, and nutrition to enhance child health outcomes in the region.
EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ACUTE BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
The conjunctiva, or the connective membrane of the eye, is a mucous membrane that connects the eyeball and the eyelids. It covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and extends onto the eyeball. The main physiological function of the conjunctiva is to protect the eye. When a foreign particle enters the eye, tear secretion and blinking increase, resulting in the removal of the foreign body from the conjunctival sac. In addition, the mucus secretion of the conjunctival sac continuously moistens the surface of the eyeball, reduces friction during eye movements, and helps maintain the transparency of the moistened cornea.