STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CARDIAC CHANGES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND THE ROLE OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE THERAPY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17731327Abstract
Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) have a markedly increased cardiovascular risk, with cardiac remodeling representing a central determinant of morbidity and mortality .[1] Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, and impaired myocardial compliance frequently result from chronic volume and pressure overload, anemia, electrolyte disturbances, and persistent activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).[2] Modern cardioprotective interventions-including RAAS blockade combined with neprilysin inhibition-have demonstrated significant benefits in improving cardiac structure and reducing hospitalization rates .[3]Given the substantial cardiovascular burden among HD patients, optimizing cardioprotective therapy remains a clinical priority.[4]
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