THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DESERTIFICATION PROCESSES ON GROUNDWATER IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

Abstract

The article examines the impact of climate change and desertification on groundwater in the northern and southern districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. It analyzes how rising temperatures, reduced precipitation, increased evaporation, soil salinization, dust storms, and vegetation loss affect aquifer levels and water quality. The study also highlights the role of unsustainable irrigation, agricultural runoff, and declining river inflows in worsening groundwater scarcity. The findings emphasize the need for integrated adaptation strategies, including modern irrigation, land restoration, and continuous hydrological monitoring, to ensure sustainable water management and socio-economic resilience..