CONCEPTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHILDHOOD TIC HYPERKINESIS

Abstract

Tic hyperkinesias are one of the most common forms of childhood movement disorders and are characterized by a complex structure of pathogenetic mechanisms. The observed clinical variability, high comorbidity, and tendency for symptoms to persist into adolescence necessitate an in-depth analysis of the causal factors. Available data indicate the combined influence of genetic predisposition, developmental disorders of brain pathways, immune responses, and cortical regulation disorders. This multi-layered nature of pathogenesis requires a systematic review of research findings to clarify the mechanisms of tics and identify areas for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches