PROBLEMS IN REGULATING THE LIQUIDITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS BASED ON MONETARY INSTRUMENTSCommercial banks play a crucial role in ensuring financial stability and supporting economic growth by effectively channeling savings into productive investments. One o

Abstract

Commercial banks play a crucial role in ensuring financial stability and supporting economic growth by effectively channeling savings into productive investments. One of the key conditions for the sustainable functioning of the banking sector is the ability to maintain an optimal level of liquidity. Liquidity management is not only a microeconomic task for individual banks but also a macroeconomic challenge directly linked to the effectiveness of monetary policy. In most developed economies, the refinancing rate, reserve requirements, and open market operations are among the main instruments of monetary regulation that ensure balance in the financial system.